Journal De Bruxelles - UN Security Council split over security force for Haiti

Un Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said Haitians faced a dramatic emergency and that there was a need for "armed" intervention to help local police open up the port to create a humanitarian corridor for delivery of aid.

"It's an absolutely nightmarish situation for the population of Haiti, especially Port-au-Prince," Guterres said before the Security Council met.

"I'm talking of something to be done based on strict humanitarian criteria, independent of the political dimensions of the problem that needs to be solved by the Haitians themselves," Guterres said.

- Fuel terminal seized -

Haiti asked the United Nations last week for help to reopen to Varreux oil terminal, seized by gangs in mid-September, leading to a growing paralysis of the local community.

"I have the delicate mission of bringing before the Security Council the cry of distress of an entire suffering people and to say out loud and intelligible that the Haitians do not live, they survive," Haiti's foreign minister, Jean Victor Geneus, told the council on Monday.

The United States and Mexico were preparing two resolutions for the council to address the request.

US Ambassador to the UN Linda Thomas-Greenfield said one resolution would authorize a non-UN international security assistance mission to improve security and enable humanitarian aid to flow into Haiti.

She said the proposal was for "a limited, carefully scoped, non-UN mission" to be led by "a partner country" with experience in such operations.

- Bad memories -

Once decided, Washington would "consider the most effective means to directly support, enable, and resource" the mission, she said.

The proposal had some support in the Security Council, but some countries expressed reservations, noting recent protests in Haiti against foreign intervention and also pointing to major problems with the previous UN peacekeeping force in the country.

Known as MINUSTAH, the UN peacekeepers were in Haiti from 2004 to 2017 and notably were identified as the source of a cholera outbreak in 2010 that ultimately killed around 10,000 people.

The bacterial disease disappeared in 2019, but has surged back in recent weeks, causing hundreds of suspected infections and an estimated 36 deaths.

Geng Shuang, China's deputy permanent representative to the UN, said the body needed to be cautious about supporting a new force for Haiti.

"At a time when the Haitian government lacks legitimacy, and is unable to govern, will sending such a rapid action force to Haiti receive the understanding support and cooperation from the parties in Haiti, or will it face resistance or even trigger violent confrontation from the population?" he asked.

- Sanctions on gangs -

However, China voiced support for a second draft resolution which would lay down a set of sanctions to be applied to the gangs and their leaders.

A draft seen by AFP specifically mentioned Jimmy Cherizier, nicknamed "Barbecue," the powerful leader of the "G9 Family and Allies" group of gangs which has blocked the Varreux terminal.

Cherizier and his gang "have directly contributed to the economic paralysis and humanitarian crisis in Haiti," the draft said.

Russia meanwhile rejected the sanctions proposal, saying it was drawn up hastily.

Russian UN envoy Dmitry Polyanskiy said it would be "unacceptable" to support "external interference in the political processes in Haiti" that would subsume Haiti's interests "to the interests of world-known regional players who view the American continent as their backyard."

Guterres urged quick action, saying the halt of fuel deliveries was compounding other problems.

Without fuel, he said, water cannot be distributed, worsening the cholera outbreak.

"The most important treatment for cholera is hydration, and there is no water available in the city," Guterres told reporters.

The Security Council did not schedule a vote on the proposed measures, and the question of who would lead any security intervention group remained a question.

Richard Gowan, an analyst at the International Crisis Group, said the leader would likely be the United States.

The United States and Canada have already sent equipment to the Haitian police to help their operations, and Gowan said Canada could supply personnel to a peacekeeping force.

"I can imagine the US calling on Latin American countries to send back-up too, and some like Brazil have significant experience in Haiti," he said.

"But all indications are that the US will lead the way.

S.Lambert--JdB